Adjective & adverbs

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2- تستخدم Do فى عدد من المصطلحات الهامة التالية :

يبذل قصارى جهده do one's best
يبلى بلاء حسنا do good
يؤذى أو يضر do harm
يعمل معروفا فى do a favour
يقوم بالعمل - يؤدى المهمام do business

ثانيا Make : تستخدم Make بمعنى يصنع لتشير إلى أشياء - صنعت - أو لم تكن موجودة من قبل و أحدثها أو أنشأها الفرد
مثال :
Use 'make' to express an activity that creates something that you can touch
.
يطبخ الطعام make food
يصنع قهوة أو شاىmake a cup of tea / coffee
يصنع ضوضاء - فوضى make a mess
فالشخص الناظر إلى الأشياء السابقة يرى أن الفرد لم يمارس نشاطا و إنما أتى بأشياء لم تكن موجودة مسبقا و فعلها .

2- تستخدم Make فى المصطلحات الهامة التالية :

يضع الخطط make plans
يقوم باستثناء - عمل استثنائى make an exception
بضع الترتيبات make arrangements
يجرى مكالمة تليفونية make a telephone call
يتخذ قرارا make a decision
يرتكب خطأ make a mistake
يصنع ضوضاء make noise
يكسب المال make money
يقدم اعتذارا make an excuse
يبذل مجهودا make an effort

الجملة الخبرية الإنجليزية
English Predicative Sentence

هذا الأمر قد يبدو غريبا بعض الشئ على دارى اللغة الإنجليزية و قد فوجئت بهذا الأمر حينما قال لنا أحد أساتذتنا فى الكلية أن هناك فى اللغة الإنجليزية أن هناك ما يسمى بالجملة الخرية فى اللغة الإنجليزية .
و قد بحثت عنها و قد وفقنى الله فى الحصول على الأمر بمحض الصدفة عند بحثى عن معنى مصطلح linking Verb و قد أتيت بشرح لها باللغة العربية و الإنجليزية عل الشرح ينال إعجابكم و تفاعلكم

الجملة الخبرية predicative sentence هى الجملة الإنجليزية التى تتكون من فاعل Subject و أحد الأفعال الرابطة التالية ثم المفعول و يطلق على الفعل الرابط و مابعده الخبر فى اللغة الإنجليزية و فى الجملة الخبرية يكون هناك طرفان الأول هو الفاعل و الآخر هو المفعول و الذى يمثل نوعا من البدل المطابق أو بدل الكل من كل فى اللغة العربية و ما يربط بينهما هو الفعل الرابط - و يلاحظ أن الفعل الرابط يجب أن يكون لازما – لا يحتاج إل فاعل .
A linking verb is a special kind of intransitive verb which connects the subject to a noun , pronoun , or adjective in the predicate .

الأفعال الرابطة – التى تربط بين الفاعل و بين اسم ، ضمير ، أو صفة فى الجملة الخبرية
مثال :
Tom is the captain
.

ما تحته خط هو الجملة الخبرية
توم هو الكابتن
فالطرف الأول هو توم و هو مساوى فى المعنى ل ( الكابتن ) و الفعل is هو الفعل الرابط فكلا الكلمتان ( توم ، الكابتن تعبران عن نفس الشخص ) و يطلق على المفعول فى هذه الحالة _ كلمة captain - مصطلح predicate nominative.

The verb form is connects Tom to the captain : both words stand for the same person . the word captain , coming after the verb and referring back to the subject , is called a predicate nominative.

الفعل to be هو أكثر أنواع الأفعال الرابطة شيوعا و لكن هناك عدد من الأفعال الخرى التالية

The verb to be is the most common
Thinking verb . other familiar ones are : become , feel , get look , seem , smell , taste .

هناك بعض الأفعال التى تستخدم كأفعال رابطة و غير رابطة على حسب نوعها فى الجملة :
فإذا كان الفعل متعديا لم يكن رابطا
و إذا كان لازما يكون الفعل رابطا

Some verbs can be used both as linking verbs and as other kinds of verbs :
The soldiers looked cautious : may be he suspects a trap ( linking )
Crops grow beautifully in this soil . ( in transitive – non-linking verb )
Under the care of her godmother, the princess grew beautiful . ( linking )

on one's toes
منتبه أو متيقظ
*****, cautious
This idiom is usually used with the verbs stay and keep.
It's important for all the players on a soccer team to stay on their toes.
We'd better keep on our toes while we're walking along the dark portions of this street.
to get along
يتقدم فى أمر ما
to make progress; to manage to live in a certain state of health
Juan is getting along very well in his English studies.
How is Mr. Richards getting along after his long illness?
hard of hearing
ذو سمع ثقيل

partially deaf, not able to hear well
You'll have to speak a little louder. Mrs. Evans is hard of hearing.
Please don't shout. I'm not hard of hearing.
Listening to loud music too much can make you hard of hearing.

to see eye to eye

يوافق على امر ما
to agree, to concur
I'm glad that we see eye to eye on the matter of the conference ********.
A husband and wife don't always see eye to eye with each other, but a good marriage can survive small disagreements.
to have in mind
يأخذه فى الاعتبار
to be considering, to be thinking (S)
I don't want to see a movie now. I have in mind going to the park.
It's up to you what we eat tonight. Do you have anything in mind?

to keep in mind
يتذكر
to remember, not to forget (S) (also: to bear in mind)
Please keep in mind that you promised to call Stan around noon.
I didn't know that Paula doesn't like vegetables. We should bear that in mind next time we invite her for dinner.
for once

لمرة واحدة
this one time, for only one time
For once I was able to win a game of golf against Steve, who is a much better player than I am.
Dad, for once would you please let me drive the new car?
to go off

ينفجر
to explode; to sound as an alarm; to leave suddenly without explanation
The accident happened when a box of firecrackers went off accidentally.
For what time did you set the alarm clock to go off tomorrow morning?
Vince went off without saying good-bye to anybody; I hope he wasn't angry.

to grow out of
يكبر أو ينمو جدا
to outgrow, to become too old for; to be a result of
He still bites his nails now and then, but soon he'll grow out of the habit.
The need for the salary committee grew out of worker dissatisfaction with the pay scale.

to make the best of

يبذل قصارى جهده
to do the best that one can in a poor situation
If we can't find a larger apartment soon, we'll just have to make the best of it right here.
Even though the Martinez family is having financial problems, they make the best of everything by enjoying the simple pleasures of life.

to cut off

يقصر شئ ما
to shorten by cutting the ends (S); to disconnect or stop suddenly (S)
The rope was two feet longer than we needed, so we cut off the extra length.
The operator cut our long-distance phone conversation off after two minutes.

to cut out

يبتر – يتخلص من شئ ما بالبتر
to remove by cutting (S); to stop doing something (S) (for the second definition, also: to knock it off)
For the second definition, the idiom is usually separated by the pronoun it.
The child likes to cut out pictures form the newspaper and to paste them in a notebook.
He kept bothering her, so finally she told him to cut it out. However, he wouldn't knock it off until her larger brother appeared.

to blow out

ينفجر
to explode, to go flat (for tires); to extinguish by blowing (S)
On our trip to Colorado, one of the car tires blew out when it hit a large hole in the road.
Little Joey wasn't able to blow all the candles out, so his big sister helped him.

to become of

يحدث
to happen to (a missing object or person)
This idiom is always used in a clause beginning with what.
What has become of my pencil? I had it ten minutes ago, but now I can't find it.
I wondered what became of you. I looked around the shopping center for two hours, but I couldn't find you at all.
to shut up
إخرس – يبقى شئ ما مغلقا لفترة
to close for a period of time (S); to be quiet, to stop talking
The second definition of this idiom is impolite in formal situations.
During the hurricane, all the store owners shut their shops up.
Bob's sister told him to shut up and not say anything more about it.
The student got into big trouble for telling his teacher to shut up.

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