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Adjective & adverbs
الظرف و الصفة . Adjective & adverbs . كثيرا ما يسأل عن الفرق بين الصفة و الظرف و كيفية الاستخدام السليم لهما و فى هذا الدرس إن شاء الله نتناول سنتعلم ماهى الصفة و الظرف و كيفية استخدامهما الاستخدام الصحيح مع عرض باور بوينت و تمرينات و إن شاء الله لن تخطئوا بعدها أبدا و قد آثرت أن يكون الشرح بالإنجليزية و العربية للمتقدمين و المبتدئين على حد سواء فأجو من المتقدمين عند مراجعتهم للدرس أن يقرؤه بالإنجليزية ، و يبقى لى طلب عندكم هو الدعاء لى بالرحمة و المغفرة . أأسف أنى قد أطلت عليكم و الآن إلى الدرس . 1. Adjectives modify nouns; adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs . الصفات هى كلمات تصف الأسماء و تأتى قبلها ، بينما الظروف هى كلمات تصف الأفعال أو الصفات أو حتى بعض الظروف الأخرى . You can recognize adverbs easily because many of them are formed by adding -ly to an adjective. و يمكنك التعرف على الظروف بسهولة لأن معظمها عادة ما ينتهى بــ ly Study the following carefully : Adverbs can't modify nouns, as you can see from the following incorrect sentences. On the other hand, it's sometimes easy to make the mistake of using an adjective to modify a verb, as the incorrect sentences below show . لا يمكن للظروف أن تصف الأسماء كما لا يمكن أيضا للصفات أن تصف الأفعال . ادرس المثالين الآتيين : 2. An adjective always follows a form of the verb to be when it modifies the noun before the verb. لعلك لاحظت فى الأمثلة السابقة ان الصفة تأتى قبل الاسم الذى تصفه و لكنها مع V to be أو صوره المختلفة فإنها تأتى بعده لا حظ ما يأتى . 3. Likewise, an adjective always follows a sense verb or a verb of appearance -- feel, taste, smell, sound, look, appear, and seem -- when it modifies the noun before the verb. و على نفس الشاكلة فإن الصفات تأتى بعد أفعال الحواس الخمسة و أفعال المظهر ( التى تعبر عن المظهر بصفة عامة مثل feel, taste, smell, sound, look, appear, and seem و ذلك حينما تصف الاسم الذى قبل الفعل . لاحظ الأمثلة التالية : Good or Well? Good is an adjective, so you do not do good or live good, but you do well and live well. ملحوظة هامة بخصوص Good & Well كلمة good صفة و الظرف منها لا يضاف إليه ly بل هو كلمة well و الذى يعنى بصورة جيدة . [/ SIZE] He is a good man. He speaks well . فى المثال الأول : كلمة good صفة تصف الاسم و تأتى بعد فعلBE أما المثال الثانى Well تصف الفعل و تأتى بعده . There are some words that are used both as an adverb and as an adjective such as ( hard , late , fast , … ) هناك بعض الكلمات التى تستخدم كظرف و صفة دون تغيير فى بنية الكلمة و يمكن الحكم عليها أنها صفة أو ظرف من خلال الجملة . مثل ( fast , hard , late ) ادرس المثال الآتى بعناية شديدة : He is a fast man . He speaks fast . كلمة fast فى المثال الأول صفة لأنها تصف الاسم و تأتى قبله أما فى المثال الثانى فهى ظرف لأنها ظرف و أتت بعد الفعل . هذا الدرس إن شاء الله يوضح الفرق بين Make & Do أولا Do : تستخدم فى الحالات الآتية : 1- تستخدم Do عادة بمعنى يفعل أو يمارس أو يقوم بعمل . Use the verb 'do' to express daily activities or jobs مثال : يعمل ( يحل ) الواجب المدرسى do homework يقوم بأعمال المنزل do housework يكوى الملابس do the ironing يغسل الأطباق do the dishes يؤدي مهمة أو يقوم بعمل do a job |
2- تستخدم Do فى عدد من المصطلحات الهامة التالية : يبذل قصارى جهده do one's best يبلى بلاء حسنا do good يؤذى أو يضر do harm يعمل معروفا فى do a favour يقوم بالعمل - يؤدى المهمام do business ثانيا Make : تستخدم Make بمعنى يصنع لتشير إلى أشياء - صنعت - أو لم تكن موجودة من قبل و أحدثها أو أنشأها الفرد مثال : Use 'make' to express an activity that creates something that you can touch . يطبخ الطعام make food يصنع قهوة أو شاىmake a cup of tea / coffee يصنع ضوضاء - فوضى make a mess فالشخص الناظر إلى الأشياء السابقة يرى أن الفرد لم يمارس نشاطا و إنما أتى بأشياء لم تكن موجودة مسبقا و فعلها . 2- تستخدم Make فى المصطلحات الهامة التالية : يضع الخطط make plans يقوم باستثناء - عمل استثنائى make an exception بضع الترتيبات make arrangements يجرى مكالمة تليفونية make a telephone call يتخذ قرارا make a decision يرتكب خطأ make a mistake يصنع ضوضاء make noise يكسب المال make money يقدم اعتذارا make an excuse يبذل مجهودا make an effort الجملة الخبرية الإنجليزية English Predicative Sentence هذا الأمر قد يبدو غريبا بعض الشئ على دارى اللغة الإنجليزية و قد فوجئت بهذا الأمر حينما قال لنا أحد أساتذتنا فى الكلية أن هناك فى اللغة الإنجليزية أن هناك ما يسمى بالجملة الخرية فى اللغة الإنجليزية . و قد بحثت عنها و قد وفقنى الله فى الحصول على الأمر بمحض الصدفة عند بحثى عن معنى مصطلح linking Verb و قد أتيت بشرح لها باللغة العربية و الإنجليزية عل الشرح ينال إعجابكم و تفاعلكم الجملة الخبرية predicative sentence هى الجملة الإنجليزية التى تتكون من فاعل Subject و أحد الأفعال الرابطة التالية ثم المفعول و يطلق على الفعل الرابط و مابعده الخبر فى اللغة الإنجليزية و فى الجملة الخبرية يكون هناك طرفان الأول هو الفاعل و الآخر هو المفعول و الذى يمثل نوعا من البدل المطابق أو بدل الكل من كل فى اللغة العربية و ما يربط بينهما هو الفعل الرابط - و يلاحظ أن الفعل الرابط يجب أن يكون لازما – لا يحتاج إل فاعل . A linking verb is a special kind of intransitive verb which connects the subject to a noun , pronoun , or adjective in the predicate . الأفعال الرابطة – التى تربط بين الفاعل و بين اسم ، ضمير ، أو صفة فى الجملة الخبرية مثال : Tom is the captain . ما تحته خط هو الجملة الخبرية توم هو الكابتن فالطرف الأول هو توم و هو مساوى فى المعنى ل ( الكابتن ) و الفعل is هو الفعل الرابط فكلا الكلمتان ( توم ، الكابتن تعبران عن نفس الشخص ) و يطلق على المفعول فى هذه الحالة _ كلمة captain - مصطلح predicate nominative. The verb form is connects Tom to the captain : both words stand for the same person . the word captain , coming after the verb and referring back to the subject , is called a predicate nominative. الفعل to be هو أكثر أنواع الأفعال الرابطة شيوعا و لكن هناك عدد من الأفعال الخرى التالية The verb to be is the most common Thinking verb . other familiar ones are : become , feel , get look , seem , smell , taste . هناك بعض الأفعال التى تستخدم كأفعال رابطة و غير رابطة على حسب نوعها فى الجملة : فإذا كان الفعل متعديا لم يكن رابطا و إذا كان لازما يكون الفعل رابطا Some verbs can be used both as linking verbs and as other kinds of verbs : The soldiers looked cautious : may be he suspects a trap ( linking ) Crops grow beautifully in this soil . ( in transitive – non-linking verb ) Under the care of her godmother, the princess grew beautiful . ( linking ) on one's toes منتبه أو متيقظ *****, cautious This idiom is usually used with the verbs stay and keep. It's important for all the players on a soccer team to stay on their toes. We'd better keep on our toes while we're walking along the dark portions of this street. to get along يتقدم فى أمر ما to make progress; to manage to live in a certain state of health Juan is getting along very well in his English studies. How is Mr. Richards getting along after his long illness? hard of hearing ذو سمع ثقيل partially deaf, not able to hear well You'll have to speak a little louder. Mrs. Evans is hard of hearing. Please don't shout. I'm not hard of hearing. Listening to loud music too much can make you hard of hearing. to see eye to eye يوافق على امر ما to agree, to concur I'm glad that we see eye to eye on the matter of the conference ********. A husband and wife don't always see eye to eye with each other, but a good marriage can survive small disagreements. to have in mind يأخذه فى الاعتبار to be considering, to be thinking (S) I don't want to see a movie now. I have in mind going to the park. It's up to you what we eat tonight. Do you have anything in mind? to keep in mind يتذكر to remember, not to forget (S) (also: to bear in mind) Please keep in mind that you promised to call Stan around noon. I didn't know that Paula doesn't like vegetables. We should bear that in mind next time we invite her for dinner. for once لمرة واحدة this one time, for only one time For once I was able to win a game of golf against Steve, who is a much better player than I am. Dad, for once would you please let me drive the new car? to go off ينفجر to explode; to sound as an alarm; to leave suddenly without explanation The accident happened when a box of firecrackers went off accidentally. For what time did you set the alarm clock to go off tomorrow morning? Vince went off without saying good-bye to anybody; I hope he wasn't angry. to grow out of يكبر أو ينمو جدا to outgrow, to become too old for; to be a result of He still bites his nails now and then, but soon he'll grow out of the habit. The need for the salary committee grew out of worker dissatisfaction with the pay scale. to make the best of يبذل قصارى جهده to do the best that one can in a poor situation If we can't find a larger apartment soon, we'll just have to make the best of it right here. Even though the Martinez family is having financial problems, they make the best of everything by enjoying the simple pleasures of life. to cut off يقصر شئ ما to shorten by cutting the ends (S); to disconnect or stop suddenly (S) The rope was two feet longer than we needed, so we cut off the extra length. The operator cut our long-distance phone conversation off after two minutes. to cut out يبتر – يتخلص من شئ ما بالبتر to remove by cutting (S); to stop doing something (S) (for the second definition, also: to knock it off) For the second definition, the idiom is usually separated by the pronoun it. The child likes to cut out pictures form the newspaper and to paste them in a notebook. He kept bothering her, so finally she told him to cut it out. However, he wouldn't knock it off until her larger brother appeared. to blow out ينفجر to explode, to go flat (for tires); to extinguish by blowing (S) On our trip to Colorado, one of the car tires blew out when it hit a large hole in the road. Little Joey wasn't able to blow all the candles out, so his big sister helped him. to become of يحدث to happen to (a missing object or person) This idiom is always used in a clause beginning with what. What has become of my pencil? I had it ten minutes ago, but now I can't find it. I wondered what became of you. I looked around the shopping center for two hours, but I couldn't find you at all. to shut up إخرس – يبقى شئ ما مغلقا لفترة to close for a period of time (S); to be quiet, to stop talking The second definition of this idiom is impolite in formal situations. During the hurricane, all the store owners shut their shops up. Bob's sister told him to shut up and not say anything more about it. The student got into big trouble for telling his teacher to shut up. |
have got
يمتلك to have, to possess Curtis has got a bad cold. He's sneezing and coughing a lot. How much money have you got with you right now? have got to مضطر إلى must (also: have to) She has got to go to Chicago today to sign the contract papers. I have to be back home by two o'clock or my wife will feel ill at ease. to keep up with يحافظ على to maintain the same speed or rate as Frieda works so fast that no one in the office can keep up with her. You'll have to walk more slowly. I can't keep up with you. on the other hand من جانب آخر however, in contrast Democracies provide people many freedoms and privileges. On the other hand, democracies suffer many serious problems such as crime and unemployment. My sister takes after my father in appearance. On the other hand, I take after my mother. to turn down يقلل من لمعان او من علو الصوت to reduce in brightness or volume (S); to reject, to refuse (S) Please turn down the radio for me. It's too loud while I'm studying. Laverne wanted to join the military but the recruiting officer turned her application down because Laverne is hard of hearing in one ear. fifty-fifty النصف بالنصف – مناصفة – المقاسمة divided into two equal parts Let's go fifty-fifty on the cost of a new rug for our apartment. The political candidate has a fifty-fifty chance of winning the election. to break in يقتحم gradually to prepare something for use that is new and stiff (S); to interrupt (for the second definition, also: to cut in) It is best to break a new car in by driving it slowly for the first few hundred miles. While Carrie and I were talking, Bill broke in to tell me about a telephone call. Peter, it's very impolite to cut in like that while others are speaking. a lost cause قضية ميئوس منها a hopeless case, a person or situation having no hope of positive change. It seems that Charles will never listen to our advice. I suppose it's a lost cause. The police searched for the missing girl for two weeks, but finally gave it up as a lost cause. Children who have committed several crimes as teenagers and show no sorrow about their actions are generally lost causes. above all علاوة على ذلك mainly, especially Above all, don't mention the matter to Gerard; he's the last person we should tell. Sheila does well in all her school subjects, but above all in mathematics. Her math scores are always over 95 percent. to do without يستغنى عن survive or exist without something (also: to go without) With prices so high now, I'll have to do without a new suit this year. As a traveling salesperson, Monica can't do without a car. It's a shame that so many poor people in the world have to go without basic necessities of life such as nutritious food and suitable ****ter. according to طبقا لـــ in the order of; on the authority of The students on the football team were ranked according to height, from shortest to tallest. According to my dictionary, you are using that word in your essay incorrectly. to be bound to أصبح من المحتم to be certain to, to be sure to This idiom is used when the occurrence of an event seems inevitable or unavoidable. We are bound to be late if you don't hurry up. With the economy improving now, their business is bound to make more money this year. for sure دونما شك – بالتأكيد without doubt (also: for certain) In the dark, I couldn't tell for sure whether it was Polly or Sarah who drove by. I now for certain that Gene will move back to Washington next month |
Thank you dear… really useful… hope others get as much benefits as they can… Keep the great effort Up |
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May Allah bless u^^ |
المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة جمانه http://www.jalaan.com/forum/q2-topon...s/viewpost.gif ThanQ dear 4 ur useful topic^^
May Allah bless u^^ redface.i am soooo happy for your commet my friend thank you very much |
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